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G蛋白偶联受体 1

复杂膜蛋白 1

抗体治疗 1

离子通道 1

膜结合酶 1

药物发现 1

转运蛋白 1

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Production of rhamnolipids-producing enzymes of

Kata Kiss,Wei Ting Ng,Qingxin Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 133-138 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1637-z

摘要： Rhamnolipids are a class of biosurfactants that have a great potential to be used in industries. Five proteins/enzymes, namely RhlA, RhlB, RhlC, RhlG and RhlI, are critical for the production of rhamnolipids in . Four of the 5 proteins except RhlC were successfully over-expressed in and three of them (RhlA, RhlB and RhlI) were purified and obtained in milligram quantities. The purified proteins were shown to be folded in solution. Homology models were built for RhlA, RhlB and RhlI. These results lay a basis for further structural and functional characterization of these proteins to favor the construction of super strains for rhamnolipids production.

关键词： rhamnolipids Pseudomonas RhlA RhlB RhlI protein folding

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Expression profiles of genes and enzymes related to ascorbic acid metabolism in fruits of

Yingying CHEN,Zhihui ZHAO,Jin ZHAO,Mengjun LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 131-136 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016096

摘要： The fruit of Chinese jujube ( ) possesses extremely high concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA). The accumulation of AsA, the expression patterns of the nine genes related to AsA metabolism as well as the activities of five enzymes involved in AsA synthesis, oxidation and recycling were investigated during fruit development in Mill. ‘Jinsixiaozao’. The results showed that the high level of AsA accumulation in jujube fruit is due to a contribution from both AsA biosynthesis and AsA recycling. It is suggested that L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase and monodehydro-ascorbate reductase are the crucial genes/enzymes of jujube AsA synthesis, oxidization and recycling, respectively. These results provide useful new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of AsA accumulation in Chinese jujube.

关键词： Chinese jujube ascorbic acid metabolism gene enzyme

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Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and a critical perspective

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1596-6

摘要：

● Health hazards of plastic waste on environment are discussed.

关键词： Plastic-waste Polymers Health-hazards Biodegradation Microorganisms Enzymes

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Biodegradation and detoxification of the triphenylmethane dye coomassie brilliant blue by the extracellular enzymes

Jin Zhao, Qing-Xi Wu, Xiao-Du Cheng, Ting Su, Xiao-Hui Wang, Wen-Na Zhang, Yong-Ming Lu, Yan Chen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 421-436 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1952-7

摘要： Fungi play an important role in dying wastewater treatment. In this work, the mycelia of exhibited an excellent capacity in decolorizing coomassie brilliant blue (CBB). The results demonstrated that the mycelia could treat CBB with high concentrations over a broad range of pH and temperature. The decolorization rate of 99.19% and the removal rate of 16.31 mg·L ·h were realized. The mycelia could be recycled from decolorizing process for 19 times, indicating a good re-usability. It verified that the lignin peroxidase (121.65 U·L ) and manganese peroxidase (36.77 U·L ) were involved in the degradation and decolorization process of CBB. Toxicity assessments indicated the seed germination rate was up to 82.22% while inhibition to decreased dramatically and no significant effect on growth was found. The removal of CBB was a synergistic process accomplished by adsorption and biodegradation. The mycelia could be used for eco-friendly CBB treatment.

关键词： fungus mycelia biodegradation extracellular enzymes coomassie brilliant blue Lactarius deliciosus

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Valorisation of protein waste: An enzymatic approach to make commodity chemicals? ?

Madura B. A. Kumar, Yuan Gao, Wei Shen, Lizhong He

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 295-307 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1532-4

摘要： Protein-rich waste is an abundantly available resource that is currently used mainly as animal feed and fertilizers. Valorisation of protein waste to higher value products, particularly commodity chemicals such as precursors for polymers, has attracted significant research efforts. Enzyme-based approaches, being environmentally-friendly compared to their chemical counterparts, promise sustainable processes for conversion of protein waste to valuable chemicals. This review provides a general overview on valorisation of protein waste and then further summarises the use of enzymes in different stages of the valorisation process—protein extraction and hydrolysis, separation of individual amino acids and their ultimate conversion into chemicals. Case studies of enzymatic conversion are presented for different amino acids including glutamic acid, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, arginine and aspartic acid. The review compares the different enzyme reactors and operation modes for amino acid conversion. The emerging opportunities and challenges in the field are discussed: engineering powerful enzymes and integrating innovative processes for industrial application at a low cost.

关键词： amino acids protein waste reactor conversion commodity chemicals enzymes

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Effects of

Yuping ZHANG, Yanfei ZHOU, Xingxu ZHANG, Tingyu DUAN, Zhibiao NAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 148-158 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017195

摘要： Fungal endophytes of some cultivated grasses can increase plant performance and competitive abilities, especially under stress. Far less is known about the influence of infections in wild populations of wild grasses. In this study, plants of three ecotypes (WLS, QY and WTS) either infected with endophyte (E+) or uninfected (E–) were grown in the field. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and concentrations of H O and malondialdehyde were examined in the leaves of E+ and E– plants. We also determined photosynthesis parameters, leaf blade and sheath carbohydrate concentration and plant growth parameters of both E+ and E– plants. E+ plants from the WLS and QY populations had significantly higher antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic capability ( <0.05), superior growth characteristics including more abundant carbohydrate concentration than E– plants. In contrast, in plants from the WTS population, the endophyte had no significant effect on reactive oxygen species scavenging capability and growth performance ( >0.05), and even displayed some negative effects on plant photosynthetic capability. Thus, endophyte infection significantly affected antioxidant enzyme activities ( <0.05), photosynthesis and growth capability, although, the effects varied with plant ecotypes.

关键词： antioxidant enzymes Elymus dahuricus Epichloë fungal endophyte photosynthesis

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靶向膜蛋白的抗体药物开发的新进展 Review

Georgina To’a Salazar, 黄子逸, 张凝艳, 张学光, 安志强

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第11期页码 1541-1551 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.013

摘要：

在疾病干预的众多膜蛋白靶标中，G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）作为人体内最大的膜受体蛋白家族，成为很多药物的重要靶点，其次是离子通道、转运蛋白和激酶等。膜蛋白在细胞信号转导和运输中发挥了关键作用，当前药物研发面临的挑战在于进一步发掘此类膜蛋白的潜在靶点的干预价值，开发治疗性抗体药物。鉴于特异性抗体能够识别膜蛋白的灵敏特性，以及随着基因工程技术的进步，对已有抗体进行加工改造可获得适应多个靶点蛋白的特异性抗体。然而，成功分离特异靶向膜蛋白抗体取决于一系列因素。我们更易研制和识别结构简单且具有长片段胞外区的抗体分子，但对于高难度的靶点蛋白，如GPCR和其他复杂膜蛋白往往难以得到具有活性的候选抗体。目前若要开发针对复杂膜蛋白（如GPCR、离子通道、转运蛋白和激酶）的抗体药物，必须从抗原靶点设计、抗体筛选策略、先导抗体优化及药物研发模式方面进行考虑。深入研究靶标膜蛋白的结构有助于推进治疗性抗体药物的开发进程。本文概述了抗体靶向复杂膜蛋白的优势和挑战，以及膜蛋白抗原制备和抗体研发策略的最新进展。

关键词：抗体治疗复杂膜蛋白离子通道转运蛋白膜结合酶 G蛋白偶联受体药物发现

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Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different irrigation rates in an arid region

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 155-164 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017148

摘要： Antitranspirants are exogenous substances applied to leaves to reduce luxury transpiration by regulating stomatal conductance to increase water use efficiency (WUE). A cheap and environmentally-friendly antitranspirant, FZ, was newly developed, extracted mainly from . Its effects on soybean water use were investigated in a field experiment using the locally-used irrigation rate and a low irrigation rate (The lower and upper limit of irrigation is 40%–70% of field capacity). Foliar application of FZ and measurement of leaf physiological characteristics, final biomass, seed yield and water use efficiency were carried out during the pod bearing and pod filling stages of drip-irrigated soybean with film-mulching. Under the low irrigation rate, leaf stomatal conductance (g ) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased significantly by 7 d after spraying, but photosynthesis (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE ) were not significantly affec ted. The stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture, g , Tr and Pn decreased by 1 d after spraying, without significantly increasing WUE . However, applying FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages did not significantly affect the final biomass, water consumption, seed yield and WUE of soybean. Under the locally-used irrigation rate, applying FZ increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves by 38% and 33%, respectively, but did not significantly affect g , Tr, Pn, stomatal aperture and stomatal frequency. Applying FZ three times during pod bearing and pod filling stages enhanced seed yield and WUE by 24% and 21%, respectively, but did not significantly affect the final biomass and water consumption. Therefore, seed yield and WUE of soybean were significantly increased by foliar application of FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages under the locally-used irrigation rate in arid region, but applying FZ did not have a positive effect on water use efficiency of soybean under a low irrigation rate.

关键词： antitranspirant soybean water deficit leaf gas exchange enzymes activities water consumption seed yield